The Eastern Campaign of Jimmu

Chapter 1

The Eastern Campaign of JimmuJinmu Tōsei

A youth of heavenly descent marches east, toward the rising sun.

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This retelling is a heavily condensed, dramatized modern version of the original Kojiki. Details may differ from the original text and scholarly translations.

In Hyūga, Kamuyamato-Iwarebiko spoke with his elder brother Itsuse: “Where should we place our capital, so that we may rule this realm in peace?” They resolved to go east, and set out with a fleet.

Sailing by way of Tsukushi, Aki and Kibi, they reached Naniwa (modern Osaka) after several years. But on landing they met fierce resistance from Nagasunebiko, a chieftain of Yamato, and in the battle Itsuse took an arrow in the arm.

The fleet departs Hyūga
The fleet departs Hyūga

In pain the brother said: “We are children of the sun deity, yet we fought facing the sun. That is why we lost. Let us go round and strike with the sun at our backs.” They turned far to the south, but on the way Itsuse died of his wound.

Rounding the peninsula, they landed at Kumano, where the poisonous breath of a savage deity struck them down; even the prince lost consciousness. Then the sword Futsu-no-Mitama, sent down by Takemikazuchi into a local man’s storehouse, was brought to him. The moment he grasped it he awoke, and the savage deity fell of itself.

The sword sent down at Kumano
The sword sent down at Kumano

Lost in the steep mountains, they were met by a great crow, Yatagarasu, sent from the High Plain of Heaven. Following the crow over the ranges and winning local people to his side, the prince at last entered Yamato.

Guided by Yatagarasu
Guided by Yatagarasu

In the final battle with Nagasunebiko, a golden kite is said to have alighted on the tip of his bow, its radiance blinding the enemy. Having pacified Yamato, he built the palace of Kashihara at the foot of Mount Unebi and took the throne as Emperor Jimmu, the first emperor.

People & Deities

Kamuyamato-Iwarebiko / Emperor Jimmu
神武天皇
Great-grandson of Ninigi; completed the eastern campaign and was enthroned at Kashihara.
Itsuse
五瀬命
Jimmu’s elder brother, mortally wounded at Naniwa.
Yatagarasu
八咫烏
The great three-legged crow sent from heaven to guide the army.
Nagasunebiko
長髄彦
The chieftain of Yamato who twice barred Jimmu’s way.

Background & Trivia

Yatagarasu today
As a symbol of guidance, the three-legged crow is the divine messenger of the Kumano shrines and appears on the emblem of the Japan Football Association.
National Foundation Day
February 11, the date traditionally converted from Jimmu’s enthronement, is observed in Japan as National Foundation Day.
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